MY MAPS NOTES

 

Here is a table of the top 20 largest countries in the world by land area 🌍:

Rank	Country	Area (sq km)	Area (sq mi)	Continent
1️⃣	Russia	17,098,242	6,601,668	Europe/Asia
2️⃣	Canada	9,984,670	3,855,100	North America
3️⃣	China	9,596,961	3,705,407	Asia
4️⃣	United States	9,525,067	3,677,649	North America
5️⃣	Brazil	8,515,767	3,287,956	South America
6️⃣	Australia	7,692,024	2,969,907	Oceania
7️⃣	India	3,287,263	1,269,219	Asia
8️⃣	Argentina	2,780,400	1,073,500	South America
9️⃣	Kazakhstan	2,724,900	1,052,100	Asia/Europe
🔟	Algeria	2,381,741	919,595	Africa
11	DR Congo	2,344,858	905,355	Africa
12	Greenland	2,166,086	836,330	North America
13	Saudi Arabia	2,149,690	830,000	Asia
14	Mexico	1,964,375	758,449	North America
15	Indonesia	1,904,569	735,358	Asia
16	Sudan	1,886,068	728,215	Africa
17	Libya	1,759,541	679,362	Africa
18	Iran	1,648,195	636,372	Asia
19	Mongolia	1,564,116	603,909	Asia
20	Peru	1,285,216	496,225	South America

Would you like a list of all countries or just a specific region? 😊

Here’s a comparison table of Bay, Strait, Isthmus, and Gulf 🌍:

Feature 🌊🏝️	Definition 📖	Key Characteristics 🔍	Examples 🌎
Bay 🌊	A broad, curved inlet of the sea where land surrounds the water on three sides.	- Larger than coves but smaller than gulfs. - Provides natural harbors.	Bay of Bengal (India), Hudson Bay (Canada), San Francisco Bay (USA)
Strait  WWW🌊	A narrow water passage connecting two larger bodies of water.	- Formed by tectonic activity or erosion. - Important for international trade and navigation.	Palk Strait (India-Sri Lanka), Strait of Gibraltar, Malacca Strait
Isthmus 🏝️LLL	A narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses, with water on both sides.	- Serves as a natural land bridge. - Important for trade and transportation routes.	Isthmus of Panama, Isthmus of Suez, Kra Isthmus (Thailand)
Gulf 🌊	A large coastal body of water that is partially enclosed by land, with a narrow mouth.	- Generally larger and deeper than bays. - Rich in marine life and oil reserves.	Gulf of Mannar (India), Gulf of Mexico, Persian Gulf

Would you like to explore more details on any of these? 😊

Majuli in the Brahmaputra river is the largest inhabited riverine island in the world ..)

longest river - sutlej

La(rg)est river - chenab ( b(ridg)e) 

ICJ -----for pak 👀

BRS - Party India(tg)

🌏bhabhar - pebbles

🌏Terai - wet ,swampy ,marshy 🫠

THAR DESERT IS ALSO CALLED AS MARUSTHALI 

🌏Tal ghat serves as a crucial road and rail route connecting Mumbai to Nashik 🚉

🌏Balaghat Situated amid the Satpura hill ranges, with the river Wainganga flowing by, the city is aptly named Balaghat, which means 'a city above the ghats'. Endowed with rich stores of natural resources like manganese and copper, it is also home to one of the most prominent mining units in Madhya Pradesh.

EASTERN GHATS -WIDER [BROADER0))) AS THEY ARE EMERGENT COAT - CONTIN.SHELF UPTO 500 KM SO PORTS ARE LESS 

HILL MAP

anaimudi - 2685

Dodabetta -2637

.......

In eastern ghats mahendragiri 

Chilika Lake in Odisha, India is the largest brackish water lake in Asia. It's also one of the largest lagoons in the world. 

wular -largest fresh water lake 

kolleru - fresh water lake 

vembanand -longest 

sambhar -largest inland salt lake (rajastan )

The Bay of Bengal island groups consist of about 572 islands/islets. 

These are situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and 92°E -94°E. 

The two principal groups of islets include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the Labrynth island. 

 

                                                  PORT 

Barren island - India's only active volcano 

AMAZON -largest 

NILE - longest 

Mizoram which is also known as the ‘Molassis basin’ 

north east river map

Here’s a detailed table on the Soils of India along with the factors influencing their formation:

Soils of India & Factors Behind Their Formation

Type of Soil	Characteristics	Major Regions	Formation Factors
Alluvial Soil 🌊	Fertile, rich in potash & lime, suitable for crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane.	Indo-Gangetic Plains, Brahmaputra Valley, Coastal Plains.	River deposition, weathering of Himalayan & Peninsular rocks.
Black Soil (Regur) 🖤	Rich in clay & moisture retention, suitable for cotton.	Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.	Lava weathering, volcanic origin, climatic conditions.
Red Soil 🔴	Rich in iron, low in humus & nitrogen, suitable for millets, pulses.	Eastern & Southern India (Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka).	Weathering of metamorphic rocks, iron oxide content.
Laterite Soil ⛰️	Poor in fertility, used for plantation crops like tea, coffee, cashew.	Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, North-East India.	Intense leaching due to heavy rainfall, high temperature.
Desert Soil 🏜️	Sandy, low fertility, high salt content, suitable for drought-resistant crops.	Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab.	Wind deposition, arid climate, high evaporation.
Mountain Soil ⛰️	Rich in humus, good for horticulture crops.	Himalayan regions, Uttarakhand, Himachal, NE states.	Weathering of rocks, forest cover, altitude effects.
Peaty & Marshy Soil 🏞️	High organic matter, acidic, found in waterlogged areas.	Kerala, Sundarbans, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.	Water stagnation, decomposition of organic matter.
Saline & Alkaline Soil ⚡	High salt content, infertile, requires reclamation.	Arid & semi-arid regions of UP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan.	Poor drainage, evaporation, capillary action.

Major Indian Rivers & the Number of States They Flow Through 🌊🇮🇳

farakka in west bengal is the northern most point in the ganga delta 

Majuli is the world's largest river island and is located in the Brahmaputra River in Assam, 

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Here's a table of major rivers in India along with their origin points and left & right bank tributaries:

River 🏞️	Origin Point ⛰️	Left Bank Tributaries 🌊	Right Bank Tributaries 🌊
Ganga	Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand	Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi	Yamuna, Son, Punpun, Damodar
Yamuna	Yamunotri Glacier, Uttarakhand	Hindon, Sasur Khaderi, Ken, Chambal	Tons, Betwa, Sindh
Brahmaputra	Angsi Glacier (Tibet), enters India in Arunachal Pradesh	Dibang, Lohit, Dhansiri, Manas	Subansiri, Kameng, Sankosh, Teesta
Godavari	Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra	Pranhita, Indravati, Sabari	Manjira, Maner, Penganga
Krishna	Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra	Bhima, Musi, Peddavagu	Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha
Narmada	Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh	Sher, Shakkar, Tawa	Hiran, Orsang, Kolar
Kaveri	Talakaveri, Karnataka	Hemavati, Arkavati, Shimsha	Amaravati, Bhavani, Noyyal
Mahanadi	Sihawa, Chhattisgarh	Seonath, Mand, Ib, Hasdeo	Ong, Tel, Jonk
Tapti	Satpura Range, Madhya Pradesh	None (mostly small streams)	Purna, Girna, Panjhra
Indus	Mansarovar Lake, Tibet, enters India in Ladakh	Zanskar, Jhelum, Chenab	Shyok, Gilgit, Kabul

This table provides a concise view of major rivers, their tributaries, and origins in India. 

kaveri  makes 2nd shivasamudram falls 

The Malabar coast has got certain distinguishing features in the form of ‘Kayals’ (backwaters), which are used for fishing, inland navigation and also due to its special attraction for tourists. Every year the famous Nehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is held in Punnamada Kayal in Kerala.

                                                      ocean currents warm Currents , cold currents 

                                                                INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE IOD 

Weak MJO may contribute to Negative IOD, causing drought-like conditions. |

Here is a ranked table of the salinity levels of major seas and water bodies:

Rank	Water Body	Average Salinity (‰ - parts per thousand)
1️⃣	Dead Sea	300–350 ‰
2️⃣	Lake Van (Turkey)	~ 240 ‰
3️⃣	Great Salt Lake	100–270 ‰ (varies by location)
4️⃣	Red Sea	38–41 ‰
5️⃣	Mediterranean Sea	38 ‰
6️⃣	Persian Gulf	37–40 ‰
7️⃣	Black Sea	17–22 ‰
8️⃣	Baltic Sea	2–20 ‰ (varies greatly)
9️⃣	Caspian Sea	12–13 ‰
🔟	Arctic Ocean	30–34 ‰

Key Observations:

• 🌊 Dead Sea has the highest salinity, making it one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world.
• 🏜 Red Sea & Persian Gulf have high salinity due to high evaporation and limited freshwater inflow.
• ❄ Baltic Sea & Black Sea have lower salinity due to high river inflows and limited evaporation.
• 🌍 Oceans generally have salinity around 35 ‰ on average.